Balancer swap

[gztensor]

Description

Implement PalSwap (similar to balancer swap) to replace Uniswap V3.

Unlike uniswap v2 or v3, it allows adding liquidity unproportionally to price. This is achieved by introducing the weights w1 and w2 so that w1 + w2 = 1. In these formulas x means base currency (alpha) and y means quote currency (tao). The w1 weight in the code is referred as weight_base, and w2 as weight_quote. Because of the w1 + w2 = 1 constraint, only weight_quote is stored, and weight_base is always calculated.

The formulas used for pool operation are following:

Price

p = (w1 * y) / (w2 * x)

Reserve deltas

(or -1 * payouts) in swaps are computed by

if ∆x is given (sell): ∆y = y * ((x / (x+∆x))^(w1/w2) - 1)
if ∆y is given (buy): ∆x = x * ((y / (y+∆y))^(w2/w1) - 1)

Limit orders

When swaps are executing the orders with slippage control, we need to know what amount we can swap before the price reaches the limit value of p':

If p' < p (sell): ∆x = x * ((p / p')^w2 - 1)
If p' < p (buy): ∆y = y * ((p' / p)^w1 - 1)

Swap initialization

In order to initialize weights with existing reserve values and price (for existing subnets):

w1 = px / (px + y)
w2 = y / (px + y)

Injection

Weights are adjusted when some amounts are added to the reserves. This prevents price from changing.

new_w1 = p * (x + ∆x) / (p * (x + ∆x) + y + ∆y)
new_w2 = (y + ∆y) / (p * (x + ∆x) + y + ∆y)

User Liquidity

The user liquidity stays disabled for now. The last commit # where all comments about user liquidity and tests (commented out) are present: fb0017f , diff it with 4e21da2 to see the user liquidity code.

Type of Change

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• Documentation update
• Other (please describe):

Breaking Change

This PR changes the following externally accessible entities:

• add_liqudiity extrinsic: Remove tick_low and tick_high parameters.
• Positions map is replaced with PositionsV2 map
• Following state maps removed:
  • AlphaSqrtPrice
  • CurrentLiquidity
  • CurrentTick
  • FeeGlobalTao
  • FeeGlobalAlpha
  • ScrapReservoirTao (applied before removing)
  • ScrapReservoirAlpha (applied before removing)
  • Ticks
  • SwapV3Initialized
  • TickIndexBitmapWords

Checklist

• I have performed a self-review of my own code
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I have run ./scripts/fix_rust.sh to ensure my code is formatted and linted correctly
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation
• My changes generate no new warnings
• I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works
• New and existing unit tests pass locally with my changes
• Any dependent changes have been merged and published in downstream modules

[github-actions]

@opentensor/cerebrum / @opentensor/gyrus / @opentensor/cortex breaking change detected! Please prepare accordingly!

[tutacrypto]

@gregzaitsev can you detail the new method to fetch the alpha price from the chain with balancer pools?