[CI][Packaging][deb] Add support for minor release in `dev/release/verify-apt.sh`

[kou]

Describe the enhancement requested

dev/release/verify-apt.sh has downgrade test and it assumes that the last release is a major release:

https://github.com/apache/arrow/actions/runs/22108994665/job/63899838769?pr=49294#step:18:3303

  + apt install -y -V --no-install-recommends --allow-downgrades libarrow-acero-dev=23.0.0-1 libarrow-compute-dev=23.0.0-1 libarrow-dev=23.0.0-1 libarrow-glib-dev=23.0.0-1 libgandiva-dev=23.0.0-1 libgandiva-glib-dev=23.0.0-1 libparquet-dev=23.0.0-1
  
  WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts.
  
  Reading package lists...
  Building dependency tree...
  Reading state information...
  Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
  requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
  distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
  or been moved out of Incoming.
  The following information may help to resolve the situation:
  
  The following packages have unmet dependencies:
   libarrow-acero-dev : Depends: libarrow-acero2300 (= 23.0.0-1) but 23.0.1-1 is to be installed
   libarrow-compute-dev : Depends: libarrow-compute2300 (= 23.0.0-1) but 23.0.1-1 is to be installed
   libarrow-dev : Depends: libarrow2300 (= 23.0.0-1) but 23.0.1-1 is to be installed
   libarrow-glib-dev : Depends: gir1.2-arrow-23.0 (= 23.0.0-1) but 23.0.1-1 is to be installed
   libgandiva-dev : Depends: libgandiva2300 (= 23.0.0-1) but 23.0.1-1 is to be installed
   libgandiva-glib-dev : Depends: gir1.2-gandiva-23.0 (= 23.0.0-1) but 23.0.1-1 is to be installed
   libparquet-dev : Depends: libparquet2300 (= 23.0.0-1) but 23.0.1-1 is to be installed
  E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

This error shows that we misses some explicit package specifications such as libarrow-acero2300=23.0.0-1 and this error doesn't happen when the last release is a major release.

Component(s)

Continuous Integration, Packaging